摘要：大部分的数控（CNC）系统对用户是封闭的。通常情况下CONTROL ENGINEERING China版权所有，工程师们除了在机器上编程外，做不了更多的事情。即使有一个所谓的程序编程接口（包括三维可视化和过程模拟，预先定义的铣/车削周期控制工程网版权所有，甚至一个小的CAD / CAM系统） ，系统仍然不能由用户随意修改。
　　尽管现在只有开发者了解技术细节，但开放式体系控制系统已经成为现代控制系统最为明显的发展趋势。用来形容今天的控制系统，“开放”这一词是相当时髦的说法。

　　英文全文如下：
　　CNC open architectures
　　Krzysztof Pietrusewicz, Ph.D., Control Engineering Poland
　　Most computer numerical control (CNC) systems are closed for users. Engineers typically can only program the machine控制工程网版权所有, nothing more. Even if it has a so-called programming interface (including 3D vis

ualization and process simulation, pre-defined milling/turning cycles, or even a small CAD/CAM system), it cannot be freely modified by the user.
　　Open architecture control systems, however developers understand themCONTROL ENGINEERING China版权所有, are a noticeable trend of modern control systems technology. “Open” is a very fashionable way to describe today’s control systems.
　　Many efforts are underway to make control system architectures more open. It helps to define the degree of openness of the proposed control system.

　　Evaluate CNC openness
　　A variety of open-architecture control systems can be found on the Internet. These include OSACA (Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation Systems), OMAC (Open Modular Architecture Controllers), NGC (Next Generation Controller project控制工程网版权所有, National Center for Manufacturing Sciences), and OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller) control architectures, as well as others.
　　But what defines CNC openness? Can the degree of control system openness be measured?
　　A means for rating the openness of major control system attributes is provided in Chi Yonglin’s paper, “An evaluation space for open architecture controllers” (International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2005).
　　Rating categories include applicable control system domain (0 rating means that the controller has been designed as special equipment; a 10 rating means it can be used for all domains of the manufacturing industry), as well as extensibility and scalability (0: traditional